Meaning of Life and Thanksgiving Essay Example for Free

Which means of Life and Thanksgiving Essay As the main travelers showed up at Plymouth Rock and had a dining experience with the Indians, they shared a snapshot of thanks together. They offered gratitude for every one of their endowments, subsequently, making our stunning day of Thanksgiving. When Thanksgiving is thought of, the primary thing that strikes a chord is turkey and an ample measure of food. Thanksgiving to me, is an ideal opportunity to be along with the ones you care about. Meeting up for a day to simply be with one another and to make up for lost time is the thing that Thanksgiving intends to me. Family ought to be with one another to share recollections and to understand the abundant measure of endowments they have been given. Thanksgiving isn't just a day for pigging out on food or falling into a food extreme lethargies, yet chatting with one another and simply being happy to be with each other. Having family during Thanksgiving is a vital part in my life. Having the entirety of my family members in a single spot for one day to talk and play around with them makes Thanksgiving additional uncommon for me. It is one of only a handful barely any days of the year that I get the chance to see everyone. The turkey, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, pureed potatoes is only the good to beat all. Everyone in my family adores the food. We eat and eat until we cannot eat any longer. My family has a custom of playing soccer subsequently however that goes just so far because of our full stomachs. My cousins and I play an amicable round of poker, a short time later our bombed endeavors for soccer, for first dibs on dessert. After a decent round of poker, my cousins and I search for approaches to engage ourselves in the interim the grown-ups talk about their lives and boast about their children. Society today makes Thanksgiving resemble a day just to eat. As society progresses the importance of Thanksgiving disintegrates into a common occasion. The importance of Thanksgiving appears to be out of date. I genuinely accept that Thanksgiving ought to be invigorated in its significance and ought to be commended with family and love. As individuals meet up to share an extraordinary day in our history, this ought to be a day which individuals won't underestimate.

Truth is bitter but better Essay Example for Free

Truth is unpleasant yet better Essay Truth is the main weapon which can make an individual success a fight. It is a pen that can compose anything without anyones fear; it is a game where who observes its one brilliant principle can never lose it; it is a tree that never loses its leaves; it is a waterway that can't get grimy and dry in any season. Generally speaking it can make paradise or something bad might happen if not followed appropriately can destroy the entire world. It is said that to conceal one falsehood we need to talk hundred additional untruths and that is valid. An untruth verbally expressed deliberately implies we have to talk a few additional deceives conceal that lie. And afterward likewise reality comes out itself naturally. Everything has different sides, positive just as negative. A coin has positive side of triumph and negative side of fiasco too. On the off chance that an individual successes, at that point he may likewise lose sometime in the not so distant future. In the event that bliss is there, at that point misery is self-evident. On the off chance that a tree bear leaves, at that point it likewise shed them. On the off potential for success that one can have, at that point one can likewise fall. Taken all in all, one can get the chance to confront anything in this entire world. Gandhiji stated: Lying is the mother of viciousness. Furthermore, it is valid. In our day by day life, as an occurrence, we meet our family members and on the off chance that they conceal anything from us by telling anything which isn't correct and later we come to realize then we turn fierce and increasingly forceful. It prompts lack of respect to the individual. Truth was the main mother, father, child, girl of the most broadly known pioneer of the world-Gandhiji. He had confidence in honesty and he advanced its guideline. And furthermore clearly for this single explanation he was known around the world. With this remarkable weapon, he tossed out the ruthless and monstrous Britishers out of our nation. He trusted in the guideline of Satyagraha which end up being the most powerful and basic development of the period. Gandhiji said:- I have the same old thing to show the world. Truth and peacefulness are ancient. Furthermore, this is valid as truth and falsehood are not the new ideas that the world has. It is as old as considerably increasingly then slopes and mountains. Nobody can show the world the specialty of talking truth and in addition to of the untruths. They come out from inside our heart. As per me, Nelson Mandela can likewise attempted as an individual who followed truth and won the entire world the cost of harmony, balance and unity. He being a dark turned into the leader of ANC (African National Congress) andâ also he won the Nobel Prize for his most prominent accomplishment. He advanced equity among all the individuals on his rule that everybody is equivalent according to God. He was valid in his blueprint as everybody is equivalent and correspondence in itself is additionally a fact. Additionally a model from our day by day life, we are turning out to be increasingly logical nowadays however there are numerous individuals who despite everyth ing have faith in odd notions. There are many deluding individuals who for the sake of God spellbind individuals so that neither anybody comes to think about such thing nor the spellbound can tell. In any case, this is a harsh truth that the individuals who tail anybody aimlessly need to confront issues sometime down the road. Indeed, even the individual doing such illicit and pointless acts are constantly gotten and they can’t make moron of individuals for long. An ongoing model is of the individual who was called as guruji in Punjab-Sarasa. He was prevalently known all around the globe. He had isolated salokas which had extremely less refrains applauding God and a greater amount of lauding himself. Be that as it may, the issue was that whatever he was doing wasn't right, whatever he was stating was lie, whatever demonstrations he was submitting were unlawful! Also, shockingly a part from his own team told the media that something wasn't right going on at his place. Incredibly he utilized not to permit any of his pupil to converse with anybody in such a case that they would do so then by some coincidence in the event that any other individual would hear it, at that point his demonstrations would be held bare on the planet and now this has occurred, his ubiquity is diminishing additionally he is being detested by the individuals now. This has not been the situation in the current world yet in addition during satyug (as per Hindu folklore) when Lord Rama were existing. He executed Ravana and put truth over abhorrence. He was barbarous thus he didn't win this skirmish of truth and evilness despite being so learned. This shows truth wins and lies or malevolence faces catastrophe and falls flat. Be that as it may, this is a reality that this yug is kalyug and in this yug is untruths or evilness is given a similar significance as it is given to truth. They are viewed as very much the same. For instance on account of Jessica Lal, it was first being kept aside and with bogus articulations it was attempted to finish up. Bogus proclamations and insidiousness techniques were embraced to sole this issue rapidly and discreetly. In any case, lamentably this couldn't occur. Truth might be kept behind for a considerable length of time and years however one day itself it would come up and the liar should confront issue for his slip-up. Finally I might want to reason that whatever be the situation whether either we should not leave the way of honesty as this is the main way that wouldâ lead us to put which is as delightful as paradise and the other way would lead us to a spot like damnation. It relies upon us what direction we select. At last by investigation of the history and of the current world we come to realize that we can't conceal truth for long and can't follow phoniness for long. Therefore, facts consistently triumph! Satya Meva Jayati! As we state that steady minded individuals will win in the end we can say that Truthful and genuine successes the race.

Healthcare reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicinal services change - Essay Example ry on the planet, with $7,290 spent per individual on medicinal services cost (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2009), yet experiences monstrous un-protection, lopsided nature of care and authoritative waste. The general health care coverage area is a lot littler contrasted with the private health care coverage part and involves Medicare for the old, Medicaid for the low-pay gatherings and debilitated, State Children’s Health Insurance Program for offspring of families who don't meet all requirements for Medicaid and need private protection and Veteran’s Administration for military veterans. The private medical coverage area contains boss supported protection and private non-bunch protection. 1. Broaden inclusion through protection command: This would be executed by giving appropriations in protection premiums and charge attributes up to 35% of premiums for independent companies that utilize under 50 individuals to give medicinal services benefits. Those individuals who are not secured under Medicare or business supported protection will get help through direct endowments to buy protection through another on-line trade, a web state run commercial center. for safety net providers to avoid lifetime and yearly tops and spread to a greater degree a person’s medicinal services cost. It additionally requires all new medical coverage intends to offer inclusion for preventive types of assistance with no cash based expense and forestalls prohibitions made for important consideration. The significant result of these changes for customers/patients of the human services framework is that it will guarantee that most extreme number of individuals have medical coverage. It will likewise urge social insurance customers to concentrate on counteraction, wellbeing advancement and health instead of fix of infections. Additionally, more social insurance administrations would be secured. It is anticipated that this change will help in decrease the quantity of uninsured in the nation from 19% in 2010 to 8% by 2016 (International Insurance News, 2010). Considering the new medicinal services change, baccalaureate-arranged attendants will spend a

Explain how krebs in a soldier home would rather observe life than Essay

Clarify how krebs in a trooper home would prefer to watch life than live it. give reason with regards to why he feels that way use exa - Essay Example Yet, in the later piece of the story he is alluded to as Krebs, to clarify the change in his character. The Krebs is a German word which in English methods malignancy. The creator curiously alludes to Harold’s character as Krebs in the later piece of the story since he needs to depict the change that the character experienced, which totally left him despised from every single natural feeling. He needs to be a piece of a straightforward life than include in complexities. He has changed into an individual who just watches life instead of living it. In the story â€Å"A Soldier’s Home†, Hemmingway depicts three significant circumstances which mark Harold’s change into Krebs. It was the hour of the First World War, when the greater part of the youthful chaps joined the military to battle for their homeland. Harold Krebs was one such youngster who joined the military after school. It was simply after his arrival from the war that the principal example of his ch ange was checked. Krebs was somewhat late to get back and was not part of the festival that different officers got on their arrival. When he returned all the delirium with respect to the war has settled down, individuals were not, at this point inspired by war stories however Krebs needed to encounter the rush and in couple of events he even lied about the tales. Individuals were keen on lies not the real factors of war. This brought forth a seething clash inside Krebs, against the whole network. Individuals were not keen on his accounts and that left him in a condition of stun. There were numerous reactions with respect to this point. As Hemingway’s Soldier’s Home opens, Harold Krebs, the hero, has quite recently returned from World War I. The various youngsters his age have settled go into unassuming community life and found a specialty for themselves as contributing individuals from the network. Be that as it may, Harold, for reasons unknown, can't do this; rather, he plays pool, practice[s] on his clarinet, stroll[s] downtown, read[s], and [goes] to bed.(Bernardo, K., n. d.) Nothing was changed in the town aside from that the little youngsters had grown up. â€Å"It shows up as though the town was never influenced by the war, not as Krebs had been. The town transmits congruity, for example, the young ladies all wearing a similar garments. Harold's mom and father wish for him to acclimate as well, as he once did in school where he also wore a similar garments as his crew brothers†(Comtois, Jean P., n.d.).â The second case in the story which portrays Krebs character gradually transforming into an eyewitness of life instead of living it is the point at which he begins valuing the excellence of the young ladies of his old neighborhood, yet wouldn't like to include into any relationship with them. In war he had discovered that, one didn't require young ladies to endure, however not many of his fighter companions thought in an unexpected w ay, he didn't accept that the complexities of relationship were justified, despite all the trouble. At the point when the entirety of his different counterparts had come back from the war and settled down into the way of life of the town, it was he who couldn't identify with any feeling and didn't feel it to be justified, despite all the trouble. He just felt happy with looking at things from a far off. Indeed, even this period of Krebs life was up for some reactions some of which are, â€Å"

The Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus Essay examples -- essays researc

Coming up next is a book report about: The Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus, and was composed by, (Cottrell, et al., 2003). This is an eighty-page administration aptitude building book, distributed by the Performance Systems Corporation in 2003. There are eight central matters (Santa Secrets) talked about by the writers in this book and I concur with them all. In any case, I will endeavor to uncover why I concur that to â€Å"Build A Wonderful Workshop† is significant, talk about one mystery (â€Å"Listen To The Elves†) I see being polished in my unit, and express how I will initiate affecting to â€Å"Share The Milk And Cookies†. I concur with the authors’ thought of â€Å"Building an awesome workshop†. This part talks on making our crucial primary thought while recollecting our guiding principle to assist us with remaining concentrated on our partners and reason. Our central goal, qualities, and group are the establishment, foundation, and center of what we do, how well we do it, why we do it, and how we see each other in our given jobs. In the event that we as a group genuinely keep this announcement and all it consolidates as our center, at that point I accept the other eight â€Å"secrets† can't be far away. One of the â€Å"secrets† I see being polished in my unit is: â€Å"Listen to the Elves†. In this section the creator talks about the significance of welcoming interest from the group. The writer likewise urges the peruser to see how others see them and to invest some energy strolling in their colleagues shoes. I accept this maxim includes the whole group, is a consistent work in progress...

Jay, John

Jay, John Jay, John, 1745â€"1829, American statesman, 1st chief justice of the United States, b. New York City, grad. King's College (now Columbia Univ.), 1764. He was admitted (1768) to the bar and for a time was a partner of Robert R. Livingston. His marriage to Sarah, daughter of William Livingston, allied him with that influential family. In pre-Revolutionary activities he reflected the views of the conservative colonial merchant, opposing British actions but not favoring independence. Once the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, however, he energetically supported the patriot cause. As a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses he urged a moderate policy, served on various committees, drafted correspondence, and wrote a famous address to the people of Great Britain. Returning to the provincial congress of New York, he guided the drafting (1777) of the first New York state constitution. Jay was appointed (1777) chief justice of New York but left that post to become (Dec., 1778) president of the Continental Congress. In 1779 he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to Spain, where he secured some financial aid, but failed to win recognition for the colonial cause. He was appointed (1781) one of the commissioners to negotiate peace with Great Britain and joined Benjamin Franklin in Paris. Jay declined further diplomatic appointments in Europe and returned to America to find that Congress had appointed him Secretary of Foreign Affairs, a post he held (1784â€"89) for the duration of the government under the Articles of Confederation. Although he was able to secure minor treaties, he found it impossible under the Articles of Confederation to make progress in the settlement of major disputes with Great Britain and Spain, a situation that caused him to become one of the strongest advocates of a more powerful central government. He contributed five papers to The Federalist, dealing chiefly with the Constitution in relation to foreign affairs. Under the new government Jay became (1789â€"95) the first chief justice of the United States. He concurred in Justice James Wilson's opinion in Chisholm v. Georgia, which led to the passing of the Eleventh Amendment. When the still-unsettled controversies with Great Britain threatened to involve the United States in war, Jay was drafted for a mission to England in 1794, where he concluded what is known as Jay's Treaty . After having unsuccessfully opposed George Clinton for governor of New York in 1792, Jay was elected and served (1795â€"1801) two terms. He declined reelection and also renomination to the U.S. Supreme Court and retired to his farm at Bedford in Westchester co. for the remaining 28 years of his life. See H. P. Johnston, ed., Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay (4 vol., 1890â€"93, repr. 1970); biographies by G. Pellew (1890, repr. 1980), F. Monaghan (1935, repr. 1972), and D. L. Smith (1968); R. B. Morris, John Jay: The Nation and the Court (1967) and Witnesses at the Creation (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Meet The Admissions Experts Alicia McNease Nimonkar

Curious about the life and times of our spectacular admissions consultants? Please enjoy our newest blog series in which we interview the fabulous people who make up the Accepted.com staff. Next up is†¦Alicia McNease Nimonkar. Accepted: Can you tell us a little about yourself? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? Do you hold any graduate degrees? Where do you currently live? Alicia: Since my dad served in the Air Force for thirty years, I grew up all over the U.S. Fascinated by other perspectives, I chose to study English Literature for my Bachelor’s Degree. I am currently completing a Master’s Degree in Composition and Rhetoric as well as Literature. My first book, The Definitive Guide to Premedical Postbaccalaureate Programs was published this year and is available on Amazon and the Accepted.com website. I teach yoga and quilting where I live in the Boston area. Accepted: Congratulations on your new book! Can you tell us about it? Do you have any plans for future books? Alicia: The book describes all the different types of postbac programs in existence and includes interviews with students who I helped gain acceptance into medical school as well as interviews with postbac program directors from around the country. I hope that it will serve as a resource for students who might otherwise give up on their dream of pursuing a medical education. I have collaborated with the renowned psychiatrist, Dr. Loma K. Flowers, to write a book on emotional competence. The manuscript is currently under review. For my next project, I plan to write a book on secondary application essays to help students prepare for the application process in advance. Accepted: Can you share 3 fun facts about yourself? Alicia: 1.  Ã‚   I try to practice yoga and meditate almost every day. 2.   I have lived in Italy and Germany. 3.   I love to cook and just recently started making my own sushi. Accepted: How does your experience as a yoga instructor contribute to your role as an admissions consultant? Alicia: As a teacher, I am continually learning from my students how I can better support them. After receiving my 200 Hour Yoga Teacher Certificate, I have started a 500 Hour Yoga Teacher Training with Natasha Rizopoulos and Barbara Benagh in Boston. I also recently completed Level 1 and Level 2 in Integrated Positional Therapy with Lee Albert, NMT. In learning to assess body posture and language, I am able to provide clients with more in depth feedback during mock interviews about how they, often, hold their breath and their bodies. I hope to empower every student I work with to be more authentic and comfortable in the way they present themselves to selection committees – in writing and interviews. Accepted: Can you tell us about your experience at UC Davis School of Medicine? How did that contribute to your career as an admissions consultant? Alicia: Leading and serving on selection committees for over five years to select students for our postbac program provided me with a strong understanding of what factors help or hurt a student’s application. Supporting students through the entire application process from beginning to end brought me a lot of joy! I learned that with the right strategy and support my students were able to earn record high GPAs and the highest acceptance rates for any program like it in the State of California. Accepted: What are your top 3 admissions tips? Alicia: 1. It’s essential that you have an increasing trend in your GPA. 2.  If possible, do not submit your application before you receive your MCAT score so that you can use that information to guide your strategy and school selection. 3. Be yourself. In all of your essays and interviews and allow the reader and interviewer to get to know you, for the best results. Learn more about Alicia and how she can help you get accepted! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  A Second Chance at Medical School: The A-Z of Applying to Postbac Programs †¢Ã‚  Med School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services †¢Ã‚  How to Get the Most Out of Your Experience Working With A Medical School Consultant

How to Teach Latitude and Longitude

Heres an easy way to teach latitude and longitude. The teacher should model each of the following steps which only takes about 10 minutes. Steps Use a large wall map or overhead map.Create a latitude/longitude chart on the board. See Related Features below for an example.Hand out blank charts like the one on the board for students to complete with you.Select three cities to demonstrate.For Latitude: Find the equator. Determine if the city is north or south of the equator. Mark N or S in the chart on the board.Determine which two lines of latitude the city is in between.Show how to determine the midpoint by splitting the difference between the two lines from step seven.Determine if the city is closer to the midpoint or one of the lines.Estimate the latitude degrees and write the answer in the chart on the board.For longitude: Find the prime meridian. Determine if the city is east or west of the prime meridian. Mark E or W in the chart on the board.Determine which two lines of longitude the city is in between.Determine the midpoint by splitting the difference between the two lines.Determine if the city is closer to the midpoint or one of the lines.Estimate the longitude degrees and write the answer in the chart on the board. Tips Emphasize that latitude always measures north and south, and longitude always measures east and west.Stress that when doing the measuring, students should be hopping from line to line, not dragging their fingers along one line. Otherwise, they will be measuring in the wrong direction. Materials Wall or overhead mapChalkboardChalk

The, The Land Of Opportunity - 1604 Words

It is an old problem for societies, how to take care of and rehabilitate the downtrodden. America is known as the land of opportunity: where anyone can make it no matter their nationality, color, or sex. And while much of America aspires to, and many Americans achieve a life of relative economic stability, there are those who, for various reasons, have not been so lucky. Despite the numerous non profit, and governmental aid programs designed to assist and rehabilitate the homeless, the homeless population continues to rise (according to a 2013 U.S. Mayors report, 52% of surveyed cities reported growing homeless populations) (Cochran, 8). For those unfortunate enough to find themselves without a home, clawing their way out of homelessness on their own has proven to be extremely difficult. Not only are the homeless at a disadvantage in the job marketplace, but many homeless grow a strong connection to the homeless community that welcomed them in upon landing on the street, and are rel uctant to leave it, even if that means remaining homeless. While the government and aid organizations are attempting to minimize the crisis, past solutions either provide housing for the few lucky homeless, or they attempt to provide jobs, but not both. Given the need for a package deal, one potential (yet underused) solution is the creation of community-run working towns which would be able to provide a strong incentive for whole communities of homeless to move in and begin working, thusShow MoreRelatedLand of Opportunity960 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States of America Land of Opportunity? United States of America is known as the land of opportunity for many immigrants who dare to dream of a better life. Since the beginning of American history, United States has focused more about equal opportunity than any other country. There are many people who strongly believe that once they come to the United States it is almost guaranteed to find success. For example, my relatives in Korea always ask my parents how much my family has earned so farRead MoreImmigration : The Land Of Opportunity1583 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica throughout history has always existed as the land of opportunity. This land gave immigrants the opportunity to leave their country since political unrest and lack of opportunity become an issue. These immigrants were willing to leave behind their homes, cultures, and relationships and start fresh in another country. Starting fresh in America does not guarantee success, but these immigrants were willing to put their lives on the line in order to accomplish a â€Å"rags to riches† success storyRead MoreThe Land Of Opportunity : Immigrants1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Land of Opportunity Immigrants created America, a nation that has embraced immigration. Throughout the years, America developed its â€Å"American Dream† concept, which states that anyone can succeed in the United States as long as that person works hard and does gives up. That concept, hope or dream attracts thousands of individuals, many of which leave their native countries with their hearth full of hope and the illusion of reaching and living the â€Å"American Dream.† However, the wonderful dreamRead MoreThe Land Of Opportunity By Loewen960 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation, outnumbering Baby Boomers by eleven million. Higher education is now more crucial for securing a middle-class lifestyle than ever before, yet for the majority, the cost for a bachelor’s degree has become prohibitively expensive. In â€Å"The Land of Opportunity†, Loewen contends that high school education methodically avoids a critical dialogue of socioeconomic inequality in America. The social class to which a student belongs greatly influences their capacity for upward mobility. If higher educationRead MoreLoewen The Land of Opportunity990 Words   |  4 Pagesin America James W. Loewen, essay â€Å"The Land of Opportunity,† discusses how many times Americans don’t know about social classes and the effects they have on society. Loewen argues that the common American people aren’t given equal opportunity in this day in age. He says that American history books have great influenced what we see about the class system because a great deal of history is often left out. James Loewen begins â€Å"The Land of Opportunity† by saying that teenagers have their ears andRead More America: The Land of Opportunities1139 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica: The Land of Opportunities In modern day society, a college degree leads to people making specific assumptions about an individual’s capabilities, which proceed to shape social generalizations that may assist or inhibit the success of an individual in the economic system or job market. Universal standards form throughout the job market as a result of those assumptions made about students who attend college that may not encourage a full understanding of an individual’s ability to performRead MoreImmigration : The Land Of Opportunity943 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration remains the foreground of the United States; this happens to be one of the reasons it is known as the land of opportunity. Since the beginning, immigration has been a key concept in America, immigrants could settle down without fear of persecution. However, modern laws have seized this foundation and twisted it in such a way that it is a crime to migrate to the United States, under certain circumstances. Now, there only exists few o ptions for immigrants to be naturalized and made permanentRead MoreAmerica, The Land Of Opportunity2249 Words   |  9 PagesHenry Schineller Carlucci American Literature 21 May, 2016 Rough Draft America, the land of opportunity. A majestic land where barriers are broken and dreams are made into reality. A land where anything is possible with a little hard work and determination. One may ask what makes a place this possible. The answer to that question is the people. Americans have a certain way about them that makes them different from any other people on earth. All Americans are heroes in some way, but a select fewRead MoreAmerica, The Land Of Opportunity2357 Words   |  10 PagesHenry Schineller Carlucci American Literature (B3) 23 May, 2016 Forty Two America, the land of opportunity. A majestic land where barriers are broken and dreams are made into reality. A land where anything is possible with hard work and determination. One may ask what makes a place this possible. The answer to that question is the people. Americans have a certain way about them that makes them different from any other people on earth. All Americans are heroes in some way, but a select few standRead MoreOpportunity Defined The Unassigned Lands1492 Words   |  6 PagesEssay B - 1 Opportunity defined the Unassigned lands. Two attorneys, T.C. Sears and Elias C. Boudinot, found within the old treaties, land titles, and other various documents that 14 million acres of land were unclaimed, which would later be promoted Oklahoma district (Baird and Goble, p 141). The drive behind the Sears and Boudinot were primarily monetary reasons. Sears was an attorney for the Katy Railroad, which sought to settle the unassigned lands to increase the revenue from the empty region;

Gas Money Vs. A Human Life - 1270 Words

Maya Jardon Relgion Mr.Cristosimo April, 21, 2016 Gas Money vs. A human life Alcohol, it has been around for ten thousand years. Some great things have come from it, but in some situations it has ruined people’s lives. Some may ask how something can have such opposite endings. Well the answer is that people don’t know moderation while consuming alcohol. Alcohol can easily be misinterpreted as an un-harmful substance. In this essay I will educate readers that in moderation and in church traditions it is not harmful or being abused. I will be discussing the importance of where the selfishness and rule breaking comes from when one is intoxicated while driving. I say selfish because that is what it is, a human being lacking consideration for†¦show more content†¦It only takes one alcoholic beverage to lessen your ability to respond to things that happen abruptly while you are driving. Some effects of alcohol can include blurry or double vision, impaired thoughtfulness and slowed reactions. The amount of alcohol that one has consumed can be measured by the amount someone has in their blood. BAC is an acronym for blood alcohol concentration. Once you take a drink, there is no way to guess what your BAC is. In Canada, the maximum legal BAC fo is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood (0.08). Driving with BAC over 0.08 is a criminal offence. The Zero BAC law means that certain drivers cannot have any presence of alcohol in their blood while they drive. These are all drivers age under 21 year of age, if caught your driver s license will be suspended on the spot for 24 hours and if convicted, your driver s license will be suspended again for at least 30 days and you will receive a $60-$500 fine. In Deuteronomy 14:22-26, God instructs the Israelites, You shall tithe all the yield of your seed, which comes forth from the field year by year. And before the LORD your God, in the place which he will choose, to make his name dwell there, you shall eat the

Robert Moses - 1080 Words

Robert Moses was the creator of New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County, NY throughout the 1 1930s and 1950s. He had transformed neighborhoods into shorelines and highways/roadways. He was very successful and changed NYC forever. However, some believed that he had removed lower-class residents from their homes to benefit the rich. I believe that he had helped the people of the future by making their life easier and untroublesome. But he was also very inconsiderate with the people who he had displaced to create a better future for the working society today. He had ignored the people of New York City, who had made the city up. Streets, playgrounds, and pools do not make a city, but the people who live within it do. Michael Powell†¦show more content†¦Robert Moses disregarded these rules. Phillip Lopate also wrote an article on Robert Moses, however, his perspective was the opposite of Caro’s. He portrayed Moses as a hero of the twentieth century. His articl e, â€Å"A Town Revived, a Villain Redeemed†, Lopate â€Å"argued that Moses had done far more good for the city than bad — taking into consideration his many parks, beaches, bridges and other necessary transportation projects — and ought to be honored as one of its greatest citizens†. He believes that Moses had made the city much safer for all of us residents. He also admits that there was no doubt that Moses was racist. But he also tells us to look beyond that and see what he has done for us. Moses had cleared large tracts of land for university and hospital expansion or middle-class housing. However, Lopate also explains that poor and working-class families were not relocated nearby but displaced to worse neighborhoods. But he questions us, â€Å"Would be take back all those world-attracting amenities, the hospital and university buildings, the cultural complexes, if we could, even knowing that might imperil the city’s future economy?† An d many of us answer NO. We would not take it back because it benefits us but Lopate does not realize that he destroyed the home of many poor people to create buildings for the future. I think Professor Ballon was right. Caro wrote the article based on the mentality andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Robert Moses s Master Builder 914 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Moses also known as, New York’s â€Å"Master Builder†, was born on December 18,1888 in Connecticut. He grew up in New York City after his family relocated in 1897 . In 1924, Moses became President of Long Island State Park Commission and since than, held power until 1968, when the Rockefellers started possessing all the power. Robert Moses accomplished a lot of construction in New York that was seen as negative and positive by many people. He built 658 playgrounds, 36,000 acres of parkland, 416Read MoreEssay on Mississippis Freedom Summer1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthe cause drove me to join. What happened in the 1 962 elections should never be repeated. Imagine, only 6.7% of eligible black voters registered, the lowest in the whole country! In orientation, we were taught (with a guest appearance of Robert Parris Moses, the director of the project!) of opening Freedom Houses, Freedom Schools and community centers throughout Mississippi. Here, African Americans realize their history and constitutional rights. Nevertheless the most valuable thing we teach isRead MoreA Brief Note On Robert Moses, Richard Ravitch And Othmar Hermann Ammann3916 Words   |  16 Pagescontributions in the world of infrastructure were Robert Moses, Richard Ravitch and Othmar Hermann Ammann. All three of these men were involved in designing numerous landmarks, highways, bridges, tunnels, and other forms of infrastructure that today we take for granted. Although all of these men were involved in infrastructure in the New York metropolitan area, their contributions, personalities, and the public’s opinion of them were all different. Robert Moses was born in New Haven Connecticut. He is consideredRead More Promises To Keep Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pageseverlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendents after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendents after you.† (Gen. 17:7) The sign of the covenant was for Abraham’s male descendents to be circumcised. Moses was next to have a covenant with God, which became known as the Mosaic Covenant. Because of a famine in Canaan, the Israelites moved to the â€Å"Land of the Pharaohs†, Egypt. Although the Israelites were not great in number yet, they grew tremendouslyRead MoreBread of Life1034 Words   |  5 Pagesguest by providing an extravagant meal, which included bread. Sarah even took the time to bake fresh bread for them. Another form of hospitality including bread is in Exodus 2:20. Moses helps Reuel’s. or Jethro his future father-in-law, daughters water their flocks. As thanks for helping his daughters, Reuel asks Moses to eat with them, or â€Å"break bread.† In Exodus, the Lord tells the Israelites to bake unleavened bread for their deliverance from Egypt. The Israelites had to leave Egypt quicklyRead MoreMount Sinai And Religious Beliefs803 Words   |  4 Pagesbrings thousands of christians to Egypt because of it’s history, mystical powers, and it’s overall grandeur. Mount Sinai is located in Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt it is huge and old but has many stories about it that are told in many different ways. Robert Cornuke says â€Å"Many Bible references seem to point away from the traditional Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula and toward the mountains of Saudi Arabia.† Mount Sinai is sacred to the religion Christian. The word â€Å"Christian† literally means, â€Å"belongingRead MoreCode Of Hammurabi Vs. The Ten Commandments1610 Words   |  7 PagesEgypt there was someone else coming up with a more spiritual way of life. The Ten Commandments, although history says that Moses discovered the stone some time in 1400 B.C., 300 years after, it has been said that these commandments were known about since the beginning of time from a Higher Power. Moses was a former Egyptian prince and later became a Prophet. The bible quotes Moses as one of the greatest Prophets of history. Facing Pharaoh Ramses and freeing the Jews from slavery, he was o ne of the mostRead MoreEssay on The New Identity of Exodus as a Myth1950 Words   |  8 Pagesthis myth. Moses, a descendant from a long line of Israelites, becomes the main character in determining the fate of the Israelites in Egypt. He first experiences the voice and wisdom of God in the form of a burning bush (Ex. 3:3). While in the physical form of a fire, the Lord instructs Moses to â€Å"rescue them (the Israelites) from the hands of the Egyptians and lead them out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey† (Ex. 3:8). The challenge of Moses for the restRead More Escape from the Red Sea Essay example2404 Words   |  10 Pagesthem. In great fear the Israelites cried out to the LORD. 11They said to Moses, ‘Was it because there were no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us, bringing us out of Egypt? 12Is this not the very thing we told you in Egypt, â€Å"Let us alo ne and let us serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.’ 13But Moses said to the people, ‘Do not be afraid, stand firm, and see the deliveranceRead MoreSpiritual Opportunity For A Transition1926 Words   |  8 Pagescover) The objective of this class is to develop the knowledge and skills that ease the transitions we all go through. With this work we will come to understand the paradox of change and gain a deep understanding of the process of transitions. 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The Black Power Movement Free Essays

The Black Power Movement During and after the days of Jim Crow, blacks in the United States were economically and socially oppressed. Blacks still faced lower wages than whites, segregation of public amenities and racial discrimination. At this time many groups were created to challenge these injusticces. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Power Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Black Power Movement and the Civil Rights movement were similar because they both fought for equal rights and equal treatment for African Americans. However, they sought to achieve different goals and implemented different forms of action to achieve change. The Civil Rights Movement fought for desegregation and believed in non-violence, while the Black Power Movement rejected integration for racial seperation (Jefferies, 2006). In this essay, I am going to further discuss the tactics used by the Black Power Movement to gain change, and the accomplishements they achieved. Emerging after the civil rights movement of the 1950’s, the Black Power Movement was arguably one of the most influential and controversial movements of the 20th century. â€Å"Black Power† as a political idea originated in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committe (SNCC) n the mid 1960’s (Jeffereies, 2006). At this time a leader emerged by the name of Stokley Carmichael. Upon gaining leadership, Carmichael ejected white members and believed that the only way to bring about change for blacks was to have an all black union. Stokleley Carmichael believed that Black Power would instill a fear in whites and love in blacks ( Carmichael, 1967). In 1966, Huey New ton and Bobby Seale formed the Black Panther Party for Self Defense (BPP) in Oakland California. By the late 1960’s, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee SNCC) and the Black Panther Party for Self Defense began to gain momentum. Martin Luther King Jr imitated Ghandi and his use of non-violebnce to gain India independence from Great Britain. Because of the Civil Rights Momvement, in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed and a year later the Voting Rights Act was passed, ending segregation and ultimately gave blacks the right to vote (Muse,1968). However, non-violent protestors were being beaten, cut with razors and knives, hot cigarettes and cigars were burnt into their arms and aces, they were spat upon and kicked to the floor, policemen locked them up by the thousands into cramped unsanitary jails (Muse,1968). Even with the obvious progress, discrimination could not be eliminated. Many members of the SNCC grew tired of the non-violent approach used by King and other groups within the Civil Rights Organization. Increasing members of the SNCC had come to reject the moderate path of cooperation, integration and assimilation of their elders (Ogbar,2005). Divisions grew betweeen the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Panther Movement. The eaders of the Black Power Movement argued that assimilation or integration robs blacks of their identity and dignity (Algernon, 2003). Malcom X, a member of the nation of Islam, believed that Africans historically fought to protect their lands, cultures and freedoms from European Colonists, and that to seek to integrate into a society that has stolen one’s people and their wealth is an act of treason (Algernon, 2003). As a result, aggressively more radical voices came foward to challenge racial discrimination. Black Power advocates began to insist the Blacks carry guns and receive ilitary training in order to protect themselves. Members of the Panthers openly carried weapons and made death threats towards police officers. The Black Panthers sought to oppose police brutality in African American neighborhoods. Police Officers were frequently followed by armed Black Panthers The Black Panthers staged violent protests which often resulted in the death of Panthers and Police officers. From 1967 to 1969, nine police officers were killed and 56 were wounded in confrontations with the panthers (Marine, 1969 How to cite The Black Power Movement, Papers

Quality and quantity control in cement industry Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Quantity Control in Cement Industry. Answer: Introduction Cement industry is one of the most elementary industries as the product can be found in normal day to day functioning. Cement is a fine powder which is used to give strength and is the controlling component of concrete. This is the key component used in construction project. Techniques and activity used to achieve, improve and sustain the quality of products or services can be defined as Quality control (Anyanwu, 2013). Determination of composition of all the material used in production of cement is important for an affluent control in process and quality of product. Quality assurance and monitoring of production to meet the applicable product standard as specified in the scope of testing. Quality control Diversified functions are being performed by the modern plants expert control and supervision is a key to get most out of it cement plant. Process expert alleviate the plant, optimize production, manage process interference and reduce wear and tear of equipments. Areas of quality control start with control of raw material, finished goods, in process control and physical control. If proper control methods are adopted in manufacturing of cement it will result in less rejection rate with increased product quality, price reduction, and increase the product yield leading to increase in reputation of the company in the industry. Need for quality control Ever increasing competition in construction industry and demand of best quality products by the customer has lead cement industry to take efforts to provide high quality products. If quality control is not done it will result in low productivity, under utilization of resources and loss of customer. Cost of cement production is very high because of amount of energy used by cost driver. 60-130 kg of fuel and 150KWH of electricity is required to in the process of manufacturing of each tone of cement (Okereke, 2003). General Policies for Quality control To meet the objective of providing best quality cement most of the Australian companies in cement industry are following Quality management system by complying with the requirements of International standards AS/NZS ISO 9001:2000. Basic requirements for following quality management system based on ISO9001 are adopting short and comprehensive review process to determine the needs of customer. It is also important to be in touch with suppliers for maintaining the quality of the components and raw material. Identifying the opportunity and solving the problem expeditiously is also important to maintain the quality of the cement manufactured by the company. Quantity Control Quantity control means total material quantity that will be created if every produce receipt has been posted in control cycle. Quantity control process should not be confused with physical counting of stock. In todays world it is common to have immense requirement of bulk material even in a sheer size project which creates the need of quantity control. Another reason for quantity control in cement industry is because every organisation requires quantity information in different form. There are two methods for taking quantity control decision. First physical count of products received and matching them with invoice receipts and second in the low cost where physical count can be too costly physical count is not required and invoice should be matched. Need for quantity control Cement is made by crushing and grinding calcium carbonate known as limestone, sand (silica), alumina and iron ore in suitable proportion and then heating the outcome in kiln. In production of cement use of computerized controls in number of application can be done to optimise the mix of raw material to ensure there is proper composition of chemicals (Keviczky). The control system of production helps in production of maximum quantity of cement in accordance with the prescribed quality. It can also optimize burning process to improve the quality of cement and thereby improving heat recovery and emissions from clinker cooler. Quantity control also becomes important in certain cases where the supply of that product is limited for example in case of manufacturing of cement electricity consumption is very high which makes it important to schedule the use of electricity properly and to use alternative source of energy. A quantity take off policy is needed by the organisation to identify the requirements of raw material needed for manufacturing of cement. Data base managers can be used as a powerful tool to generate a versatile report summarizing the information needed. Various companies have designed Quantity control system for recognising the material used in manufacturing process. The ability to know the need of raw material, finished goods and work in progress is very important for a manufacturer. Quantity control helps the organisation to maximise its profit by keeping track of the quantity requirements. This also leads in improving the productivity of the organisation. Quantity control concept with Database Concept (Source: Project Management Institute) Conclusion Quantity and quality control can help in achieving optimal allocation and reallocation of machines and can also result in minimization of production cost of cement. These controls can be considered as guide for the management of the company for proper utilization of resources and in creating strategies based on the future requirements. References Okereke, P.A. (2003): Construction Materials, Testing and Quality in Tropical Climate. Crown Publishers Ltd. Owerri Cement Industry Federation. (2013). Industry Report. Retrieved on 1 April 2017 from : https://www.cement.org.au/Portals/0/Documents/CIF%20Publications/2013%20CIF%20Industry%20Report%20(Med%20Res).pdf Keviczky, L. (2017). Automation and Control in cement industries. Control, System, Robotics and Automation. Vol XIX. KEMA INC. (2005). Industrial Case Study: The Cement Industry. Retrieved on 2 April 2017 from: https://www.calmac.org/publications/industrialcementfinalkema.pdf Diekmann, J.E. (1981). Quantity Control- the key element in project control. Retrieved on 2 April 2017 from : https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/quantity-control-project-control-construction-1838 Anyanwu, C.I. (2013). Quality Control Concepts in the Manufacture of Masonry Blocks for Building Project Delivery. IOSR Journal of business management. Vol. 14. Pp 35-40

E-Commerce Performance Hospitality Tourism -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The E-Commerce Performance In Hospitality And Tourism? Answer Introduction The assignment is delving with the preparation of a Tourism E-Commerce Plan. The purpose of the E-Commerce Plan will be discussed. Also, the situation analysis regarding the company will be elucidated. This will be discussing about the company, the details of the organization and its current products and services. A discussion will also be made regarding the description of the target market and the segments that the company is required targeting for the chosen product. The organizations objectives relating to the marketing campaign will get briefly identified. Moreover, the methodology regarding the evaluation of the website will also get discussed. The company that has been chosen for this assignment is Manly Guest House. The guest house is offering the best quality service relating to budget accommodation in Manly, Sydney. This place is considered as the most famous beachside suburb. The guest house is offering a homely atmosphere having private accommodation as well as common amenities such as kitchen as well as bathrooms. The guesthouse is offering best quality budget accommodation in Manly where Single, Double, Twins, Trios and Family Rooms are being offered. The salient features of the guest house are free high speed internet, free wireless access, free towels, free bed linen, complimentary tea and coffee as well as pleasant backyard (Manly Guest House, 2017). Company Description The Manly Guest House is a budget guest house that is located near the beach. The guest house is within a 10-minute walk of Manly Beach as well as Manly Wharf. The Manly Sea Life Sanctuary as well as Sydney Harbour National Park is also within 5 kilometres radius of the guest house. In regard to the property features, it can be stated that there is the availability of self-parking, 24-hour room service as well as laundry facilities at this guest house. There is also the availability of free WiFi in public areas of the guest house. In addition to that, there is the presence of a computer station, a library as well as free newspapers onsite. In regard to room amenities, it can be stated that all the 19 rooms are offering free WiFi, 24-hour room service as well as complimentary newspapers on weekdays (Manly Guest House, 2017). On the ground floor, a guest can do the cooking of their meals in a kitchen that is fully equipped and relax in the TV lounge of the guest house with Foxtel, do t he checking of their emails for free on the computer having high speed internet or the guests might use their personal laptop with wireless connection. There is also the facility for enjoying the sun outside in the backyard of the guest house. Concerning the various kinds of rooms that are available in the guesthouse, it can be stated that there are single rooms, twin rooms, budget double room, standard queen room, trio room, and family room for four people, family room for five people, as well as family room for 6 people (Manly Guest House, 2017). Target Market The target market for the guest house can be identified with the help of surveys, online reviews, Google analytics, Facebook insights as well as Twitter insights. In respect of surveys, it can be stated that the earlier guests are the best resource of qualified information. The guest house does the using of post-stay guest surveys for ensuring that the travellers are having a better stay, and also finding other essential information. The online reviews of Manly Guest House are another area to search for key information. Guests most of the times do the mentioning of things they liked, disliked and what could have been better (Dima, 2014). This information could be used for making the necessary improvements at the guest house. For instance, in one of the reviews for Manly Guest House, the guest did the mentioning of the free beach cruisers, surfboards as well as skateboards (Fatima, 2017). Those additional services are a nice touch, particularly taking into consideration the location o f the guest house near the beach. The guest house is having the knowledge that Manly beach is drawing a lot of travellers to their property. They are capitalizing on their distinctive services and adding extras that most of the guest houses are not doing. The guest house is also planning to do the installation of Google analytics on the companys website, which is considered being a very effective tool (Rusko, 2017). The Manly Guest house is targeting the budget travellers who are searching for a clean, comfortable and relaxing place that is very near to the beach. The Manly Guest House is focusing on quality, luxurious, as well as individualized accommodation in respect of travellers. Its most significant groups of potential customers are those travellers who traditionally do the selection of the distinctive atmosphere of guest houses to the more conventional and sterile surroundings of hotels. To create a home away from home will be ensuring a large number of customers who will be revisiting again (Kant, 2016). The main segment of customers for the Manly Guest House is leisure travellers trying to find an accommodation in Manly. The guest house is planning to get registered at all the main destination-websites in Australia. The guest house is also undertaking the launch of a direct marketing campaign. Since, the guesthouse is located very near to the Manly Beach; the location plays a major role in the marketing strategy focused upon tourists who like to spend some leisurely time at the beach (Huang, 2017). The guest house is also directing their marketing efforts relating to conferencing as well as other events, at the locals in Manly. Objectives The Manly Guest house in order to achieve success and become one of its kinds follows various marketing objectives. This includes: Knowing the Guest: Manly Guesthouse exactly knows the needs of the guest and thereby tries to cater to them. The guesthouse thus provides various facilities so that the guest gets the best value for their money. Ensuring Unique Selling Point delivered to Guest: Every business has some unique selling point considered as a desirable feature for making business. Similarly, the Manly Guest house uses its unique location as selling point to its guests By Being Smart with the Advertising: Advertising is important for every business in gaining visibility. The Manly Guest house also adopts this advertising technique through posting online reviews in its website, surveys, Google analytics and Twitter and Facebook insights. Harnessing the Power of E-commerce for Gaining Visibility: Though increasing number of companies are relying on the Internet and e-mail facilities in driving business, this particular guest house is trying to adopt better means for increasing its profitability and thereby bringing in more business. Through Development of Seasonal and Special Promotions: Promotions considered as stalwart of marketing programme as there is scope for ample creativity. During peak seasons, the guesthouse also does various promotions on its special offers. By Being Consistent and Efficient: The Manly Guesthouse believes in being consistent and efficient in its business that they believe will encourage return visit from guests. This also allows them to convey a message about the guesthouse to their friends and family. Website Evaluation Methodology Website considered the most efficient process for the promotion of offers via the website of Manly Guest House. This allows individual special offer to be clearly visible on the homepage of the guest house via a banner or visual advert, and with the help of a link in the major navigation that helps in bringing customers to the special offers page of the guest house (Standing, 2014). Home page The home page is one of the most important pages of a website as it is responsible for driving in maximum traffic who can finally be potential customers. Thus, the homepage of the Manly Guest House is clear and simple and conveys the visitors about what it does in a simple language (Ren, 2014). Quality Quantity of Content The quality and quantity of the content is important for a website. Thus, Manly Guest house website not only maintains quality but also quantity. The content is crisp and to the point and is devoid of any punctuation, grammar and spelling mistakes (Cao, 2016). Descriptions are also to the point. The fresh touch in the content allows visitors in taking interest in going through the website. Web Architecture The web architecture referred to as a two-tiered architecture dependent on the web browser and the web server (Hua, 2016). The web browser is responsible for displaying information content and the web server transfers information to the clients. In terms of web architecture, the website of Manly Guest House seems perfect. Usability Accessibility Usability refers to how easily the website is usable. This depends on five criteria that include memorability, efficiency, errors, learn ability and satisfaction. On the other hand, accessibility refers to the facility in presenting information with sensory channels that not only include sight but also sound (Sigala, 2017). In this regard, the website of Manly Guest House is not only accessible but also usable. Commercialization Commercialization defined as the procedure in introducing a new thing into the market for the purpose of financial gain. The Manly Guest house has designed its website keeping in mind commercialization that would not only drive business but also increase its profitability. The language of the website should be easily understandable by the visitors. This has to note because in certain cases the first impression is usually the last one. The language should be lucid and have less of creativity (Ren, 2014). Familiar words must be used so that people takes an interest in reading the website. Now in this context if the website language for the Manly guesthouse is considered then it is not only lucid but also written in manner that anyone can understand. Brand image When designing a website the brand image of the company needs portrayal in a heartfelt and human manner (Gavalas, 2014). While accessing through Manly Guesthouse website one can see how the company has designed the website keeping the prime focus on the brand identity. Persuasiveness For a website to be persuasive there should be clarity so that the visitor can get an idea about what the site is dealing with even at a glance (Mohapatra, 2013). The use of superlatives should be less to the best extent possible and focus should be more specific. In this regard, if the website of the chosen guesthouse is considered then the website has maintained all the criteria required for persuading a visitor. Interactivity Website interactivity is essential factor in designing a website. Therefore, to make the website more interactive, the website should incorporate structure that ensures easy navigability. There should be use of varied colours that is to be hyperlinked with the page dedicated for subscription (Gavalas 2014). Moreover, in the era of Smartphone there should be required amount of optimization dome so that the website becomes accessible through the smart phone. There should also be a whole lot of content that should keep the visitors engaged. The website of Manly Guest house is quite interactive in this regard. Social web Social networking is a great way for showing the audience how invested one is in building ones brand image and bringing in business (Ren 2014). Thus, by answering queries of customers or by sharing content that is innovative the company ensures that it mainly focuses on creation of a brand of their interest. Content marketing should never end with the publication of your content. In this regard, the Manly Guest House discussed in report tries to enhance its visibility through promotion in various social media platforms. Mobile communications Mobile communication is a wireless communication where data and voice information transmitted, emitted and received by means of microwave. Some of the examples of the mobile communication include digital and cellular cordless telephones, pagers and satellite based communications. The website of the Manly Guest House provides a booking number to which the visitors can make a call for reservations. Conclusion To conclude, that Manly Guest house mainly concentrates upon the budget travellers who are searching for a clean, comfortable and relaxing place that is close to the beach. The Manly Guest House is giving high priority towards quality, luxurious, as well as individualized accommodation for the travellers. The guest houses most significant groups of prospective customers are those travellers who in general, do the selection of the distinctive atmosphere of guest houses to the more conventional and sterile surroundings of hotels. The guest house is also considering the launch of a direct marketing campaign. As because, the guest house is located close to the Manly Beach, the location plays a key role in the marketing strategy that is concentrating upon tourists who are having the inclination to spend some leisurely time at the beach. Therefore, the marketing objectives of Manly Guesthouse well described in the report. In addition to this, one can also find the website evaluation method ology in the perspective of home page, quantity and quality of the website, web architecture, usability and accessibility, language, commercialization, persuasiveness, social networking and mobile communication. Therefore, when the website of the company analyzed in this perspective, there is perfect implementation of all the aspects. Thus, the chosen company with its marketing strategy and perfect website will be able to draw in more visitors thereby adding them to their guest list Reference Cao, K., Yang, Z. (2016). A study of e-commerce adoption by tourism websites in China.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,5(3), 283-289. Dima, I. C., ?enescu, A., Bosun, P. (2014). Informational stocks and e-logistics management of a tourism company.International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences,16(1), 75-85. Fatima, A., Abbas, A., Ming, W., Zaheer, A. N., Akhtar, M. U. H. (2017). Analyzing the Academic Research Trends by Using University Digital Resources: A Bibliometric Study of Electronic Commerce in China. Filieri, R., McLeay, F., Tsui, B. (2017). Antecedents of travellers satisfaction and purchase intention from social commerce websites. InInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2017(pp. 517-528). Springer, Cham. Gavalas, D., Konstantopoulos, C., Mastakas, K., Pantziou, G. (2014). Mobile recommender systems in tourism.Journal of network and computer applications,39, 319-333. Hua, N., Hua, N. (2016). E-commerce performance in hospitality and tourism.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(9), 2052-2079. Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K., Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation.Information Management. Kant, J. P., Sharma, M. (2016). ECommerce as Key Factor for Tourism Development in India. Manly Guesthouse. (2017).Manly Guesthouse| Budget Accommodation in Manly PH:02 9977 0884. [online] Available at: https://www.manlyguesthouse.com.au/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Ren, X., Liu, K., Jiang, H. J. (2014). Research on Mount Tai Tourism E-Commerce. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 1049, pp. 1872-1875). Trans Tech Publications. Rusko, R., Pekkala, J. (2017). About the E-commerce Activities in Finnish Lapland-Perspectives of Consumers and Entrepreneurs: E-Commerce in Lapland. InSocio-Economic Perspectives on Consumer Engagement and Buying Behavior(pp. 175-195). IGI Global. Sigala, M. (2017). Collaborative commerce in tourism: implications for research and industry.Current Issues in Tourism,20(4), 346-355. Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J. P., Boyer, M. (2014). The impact of the Internet in travel and tourism: A research review 20012010.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,31(1), 82-113. Wang, J., Shen, C., Wu, J. (2015). Study on Tourism E-Commerce Market in China. InLISS 2014(pp. 1089-1095). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Zheng, H., Liu, T., Dai, Y., Yan, M. (2017). Analysis of Tourism E-commerce Professionals Job Market.Journal of Chinese Economics,5(1).

LG paper Essays

LG paper Essays LG paper Essay LG paper Essay LG paper BY rlyt1001 LG is a multinational electronic company that is South Korean. The headquarters is located in Yeouido-dong Seoul. This company is broken up into 5 divisions; home entertainment, home appliances, air conditioning, and energy solutions. LG was established in 1958 as a company called Gold star, which eventually merged with a company Lucky, creating lucky Gold star not Lifes Good which is the slogan. Lucky was the home appliance side and Gold star was the electronics side. Now LG is a multi billion dollar company that provides the 5 divisions world wide is ecognized as one of the best in each division. LG is very competitive in the markets of TVs, cell phones, refrigerators, and washers/ dryers. They are the second largest manufacture of TVs in the world, right under samsung. They are also the fifth largest phone company by unit sales. They have reached this spot in the world by providing an excellent product and also advertising. LG advertises through, TV, internet, sale promotions, and events. Their distribution strategy is through retail sales, online, and catalogs. Retail sales is where most of their sales are made; this is because knowledge of the product can be sserted so consumers will confidently by the LG products. Since LG is not as well known as their main rival Samsung, Lg prices their products around the same/ little less. Samsung and LG are both headquartered in South Korea and have been rivaled since their birth. So LGs competitor (Samsung) strengths are that they are more well known, a larger company, and the leader in technology. However, Samsungs weakness is their higher prices for very similar technology. LGs target market is mass; they are advertently after the whole human race. But are swaying towards a premium market in cell phones; targeting the youth. LG knows that cell phones will soon replace laptops, tablets, cameras, tVs, etc. To wrap everything up, below is LGs Swat Analysis. SWOT Analysis Strength 1 . Wide range of products to serve all categories and a strong focus on technology and quality 2. Effective localization of product offerings for growth markets like India, Brazil, China 3. Brand offers sound rational appeal good product features and good value for money 4. Good after sales service and wide distribution network 5. Subsidiaries enjoy independence in decision making and hence have flexibility in dapting to the local market 6. Sponsorship of sports and entertainment events enhances visibility 7. It has nearly 100,000 employees and is one of the top mobile manufacturers Weakness 1 . Brand lacks influence in the opinionated segment of early adopters especially in the social media environment 2. Brand has limited market share compared to market leaders Works cited: Lee, joseph . LG the company LG HISTORY. (2013): n. page. web. 12 sep. 2013.. Whitehurst, Jason. The History Behind LG. Electronics. (2013): n. page. Web. 12 Sep. 2013.

Interdisciplinary Studies What Is It Should You Get a Degree

Interdisciplinary Studies What Is It Should You Get a Degree SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Colleges have a wealth of degrees to choose from that can lead you to all different kinds of career paths. But if you’re looking for something more specialized, something that can combine your love for multiple disciplines into one complete package, interdisciplinary studies might be right for you. If you have questions like what is interdisciplinary studies, what kinds of students will do best in these programs, and how can interdisciplinary studies lead to a great career, read on! What Is Interdisciplinary Studies? Interdisciplinary studies is unique among degree programs. Most traditional programs are focused on a specific field of study, such as mathematics, literature, or computer science. Interdisciplinary studies can include all of the above and more- it depends on what you hope to get out of these programs. The most basic interdisciplinary studies definition is that these programs allow students to choose their concentrations. You can effectively create your own major by choosing two areas of interest and combining them into one degree program that you’ll specialize in. For example, say you love psychology and art. You might combine an art program with a psychology program to create your own art therapy degree. Interdisciplinary studies are distinct from integrative studies, which have one primary focus with others supporting it. For example, if you wanted to study psychology and art in an integrative fashion, you might study how art feeds into psychology but not the other way around. Integrative study doesn’t treat your disparate fields as equal; you have one key discipline, and other programs inform that discipline. Why Choose an Interdisciplinary Studies Major? Interdisciplinary studies is great for students who have specific interests that won’t necessarily be met through a traditional degree. For example, maybe you have a deep interest in linguistics and biology and the ways that the two intersect. You might take linguistics courses and biology courses to get your degree, but the two may not typically cross over in traditional degree programs. If you study those fields as part of an interdisciplinary program, you’ll be designing your major specifically to understand the relationships between the two fields. If you have a specific field you’d like to work in the future, one that requires specialized knowledge, a degree in interdisciplinary studies may be a good approach. If you want to work as a biologist but specifically with the human body has evolved to suit speech, you can design your major to suit those interests. Even better, an interdisciplinary studies program means you’re personally choosing things that are interesting to you. In a traditional degree program, you might end up having to take animal biology or microbiology, neither of which have that much in common with linguistics. In an interdisciplinary program, your classes are more likely to line up directly with the things you want to study because you’re going to be working with advisers to create the ideal major. What Kinds of Students Succeed in Interdisciplinary Studies? Because interdisciplinary studies are a special field, it takes certain kinds of students to succeed. Students who are more likely to succeed in the field include students who are: Creative If you’re interested in interdisciplinary studies, you’re probably at least a little creative. You don’t want to follow the existing paths; you want to create one that’s new and unique to you. That trait will serve you well as you’re connecting different fields and planning out your course schedules, because part of an interdisciplinary studies program is forging new connections between disciplines. Motivated Because interdisciplinary studies doesn’t have a clear path the way many majors do, you’ll need to be a particularly motivated student to make it work for you. You’ll be designing your own course schedule and program with your advisers, which means more work than usual for you as a student. You need to keep your motivation high if you want to succeed as an interdisciplinary studies major. Collaborative You might be the only student at your school with your specific combination of fields in interdisciplinary studies, but that doesn’t mean you won’t be collaborating with others. Forming connections with people with similar interests is a great way to improve your own experience, particularly since you’re going to be forging your own path. You’ll also be working heavily with professors and advisers to create your academic pathway. So though you might be the only person doing exactly your program, it’s still important to work collaboratively with others! Critical Thinkers Many disciplines overlap in college, but for interdisciplinary studies, that overlap is something you’ll largely be figuring out for yourself. Critical thinking is a valuable skill for interdisciplinary studies students for that reason. You’ll be considering all of your courses in conversation with one another, even if the connections aren’t clearly laid out for you. If your program requires a thesis or capstone project, you’ll likely be covering all of the ways your courses and fields intersect. Being able to think critically about those courses will be invaluable to you as you progress through your program. Disciplined Motivation and hard work will get you far, but a sense of discipline will get you even further. Interdisciplinary studies requires that you adhere to a different set of standards than traditional degrees. That means you’ll be guiding yourself, a lot of the time- though you’ll likely work out a plan with your advisers and instructors, you’ll be the one in charge of properly executing it. People who are good at setting goals, hitting deadlines, and planning will have an easier time Pros and Cons of Interdisciplinary Studies There are a lot of considerations to be made in deciding on an interdisciplinary studies program. These programs have lots of unique benefits over other majors, but also some potential drawbacks. Pros: Learning multiple disciplines Understanding how fields overlap Opportunities for new research and development Passion about whatever you’re studying because you design it Cons: Professors may not understand your program Professors may not understand your unique needs as an interdisciplinary studies student Difficult to transition between subjects because work may not necessarily be connected It’s a specialized degree, so some jobs may not know what to make of it May be difficult to get into grad school Jobs may not understand what your degree is What Schools Offer Interdisciplinary Studies Programs? Though the major is an unusual approach, many great schools offer interdisciplinary studies as an option for their students. Some of those schools include: Boise State University Bowling Green State University Brown University College of William and Mary Creighton University Duke University George Washington University Lehigh University Lipscomb University New York University Purdue University Portland State University Stephen F Austin State University SUNY at Fredonia University of California - Berkeley University of California - Los Angeles University of Connecticut University of Denver University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign University of Virginia Valparaiso University What Are Interdisciplinary Programs Like? Many schools throughout the US offer interdisciplinary studies programs. Not every college has an interdisciplinary studies program, and even if they do, it might not be particularly well-supported. The programs covered below all have plenty of information about their interdisciplinary studies programs, including how to apply, what the expectations are, and information on past successes of the department. UC Berkeley At UC Berkeley, interdisciplinary studies is considered part of the bachelor of arts program. You’ll graduate your program, no matter what fields you combine, with a BA. Berkeley also requires a minimum of three fields in your interdisciplinary studies program. The program should be designed to answer a specific research question, but the question can be approached in a multitude of ways, including regional, comparative, and historical approaches. Though interdisciplinary studies allows students to design their own major, Berkeley has a structure in place to ensure that the education students receive is well-rounded and comprehensive. You’ll be choosing from a list of acceptable courses to take to satisfy prerequisites, including introductory courses, world region courses, and methodology courses, with each requirement having an assortment of disciplines to choose from. Tufts Tufts makes it clear that interdisciplinary studies is not just a method of creating a unique major- it’s a dedicated field of study that should be taken seriously. According to their website, â€Å"it is a serious undertaking for the student who is committed to blending disciplines in a way that is demonstrably relevant to an identifiable area of intellectual inquiry.† Tufts has the requirements to match their feelings about interdisciplinary studies being a serious undertaking. Getting your degree requires a thesis and thesis defense in front of an advisory committee, representing the culmination of your work and research. Students create their own advisory committee with three instructors from different disciplines, one of which must be a tenured member of the Arts and Sciences faculty. With their advisory committee, students of interdisciplinary studies will develop their major. Major proposals must include a title, a description of why it needs to be interdisciplinary, what problems will be addressed through the program, and what methodology will be used to address them, as well as letters of support, a bibliography, and list of courses they plan to take. That proposal must be approved by the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies Faculty Committee before you can begin your program. University of Florida University of Florida has some interdisciplinary programs already in place, including biological illustration, sustainability studies, and Middle Eastern languages and culture. For students who wish to design their own major, they must apply separately to the IDS program through the Dean’s office. They must also find at least two tenured advisers to help them design their program. As in the Tufts program, students will be required to complete a thesis to graduate. Because interdisciplinary studies can be customized for each student who pursues it, programs can vary pretty widely between colleges. Here’s a look at three of the programs from some top schools: What Should You Look for in an Interdisciplinary Studies Program? Programs can vary from college to college, but there are a few things to look for if you’re interested in pursuing an interdisciplinary studies degree: A Track Record A college doesn’t need to have your specific interests clearly outlined, but having a framework for interdisciplinary studies makes it easier for you to get a good, well-supported education. Professor Support A traditional degree program has a pathway for success as well as advisers and professors who are well-trained in helping students make it through. That isn’t necessarily true of interdisciplinary studies, which means you have to be extra diligent about evaluating how well you’ll work with your professors. Unfortunately, since professors may not know what exactly your program is, it may be hard for them to understand exactly how one piece fits into another. Unlike traditional degree programs, there’s no real â€Å"stepping stone† approach- your courses may be in radically different fields with no attempt to bridge them. That’s why it’s so important to connect with your professors and your advisers. You need to be sure that you’re all on the same page as far as what you need to get out of each class, even if you are doing the bulk of the bridging yourself. When you are clear about your intentions and goals, it’s easier for your professors to help you meet them! What Kinds of Interdisciplinary Studies Jobs Exist? One of the benefits of a traditional degree program is that future careers will probably know what they mean, even if they’re highly specialized. Interdisciplinary studies degrees are a bit different- while a future job might recognize â€Å"communications† and â€Å"art history,† they might not understand exactly what it means to have an interdisciplinary degree covering both. But that doesn’t mean that you can’t get interdisciplinary studies jobs- only that clarity and dedicated study are the best way to ensure your degree will help you down the line. Here’s a few jobs that benefit from the interdisciplinary approach: Job Degree Required Average Salary Job Description Best For People Who... Teacher Bachelor’s (minimum) $60,477 Teaching children or adults in a specific subject Understand education principles, have a firm grasp on one or more specific subjects, and enjoy working with others Accountant None, but a bachelor’s or higher is greatly preferred $77,920 Analyzes financial information to prepare reports for businesses Work well with numbers, have an eye for detail, and who enjoy analysis Counselors Bachelor’s degree minimum, but a master’s degree is preferred $42,840 Offers advice and guidance to people in a variety of contexts Have great listening skills, are able to remain objective, excel at communicating Journalist None required, but bachelor’s degree greatly preferred $40,077 Writes and researches a variety of topics to create news articles, videos, or other reports Are curious, have writing skills, enjoy research Archaeologist Bachelor’s degree $59,040 Participates in digs and excavations to learn more about history Have an eye for detail, are inquisitive, have flexibility in where they live and for how long Key Tips Taking on an interdisciplinary studies program can be a lot of work. You’ll be looking out for yourself more than you would in a traditional degree program, but the increased freedom and flexibility are worth it for many students. To be sure you’re getting the most out of your program, keep these things in mind: Do Your Research Schools that already have procedures in place for interdisciplinary studies students are likely to better support you. Know ahead of time if these frameworks for success exist, and if not, develop a plan for how you’ll approach your program. Seek out other interdisciplinary studies students and alumni to learn more about their experiences. Did professors support them? How about the school administration? Do they have recommendations about how to make the most of the program? Spending some time learning more about interdisciplinary studies at your school is a great way to ensure that you get the biggest benefit from the program. Don’t be afraid to ask lots of questions- it’s a skill you’ll need for the field! Pick a Focus and Stick With It Interdisciplinary studies is great for students who have a multitude of interests. But that multitude of interests can also be a problem if you struggle to stick with one project for an extended period of time. When you plan out your program with your advisers, be sure it’s a plan you can stick with throughout your time in college- changing your degree is difficult even for traditional programs, but the lost credit hours can be especially hard for interdisciplinary degree students. What’s Next? Looking for other unique ways of combining your interests in college? Consider a dual degree or double major, two other degree programs that let you explore multiple subjects. Curious how long it'll take to complete your interdisciplinary studies program? If you're doing a bachelor's degree, this article about how many years it takes to complete a bachelor's program can help! Journalism is a great field for interdisciplinary studies students. Want to know what schools have the strongest journalism programs? Check out this list!

Ethics wssay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics wssay - Essay Example This good reputation will continue earning it more revenues owing to the fact that more customers repurchase vehicles and attracts new customers. The employees of the organization will feel that their employer cares about them and for this reason they will have the impetus to increase their productivity, and there will be a reduction in labor turnover (Institute, 2010). However, the organization will be experience some bottlenecks in case the legislature passes laws that will strip off its tax benefits. The operations of the organization will have to change and there will be lower profits. Uncertainty is not good for business; the organization should always strive to be in control or to influence action where possible. Volkswagen can allow the vote to go through as this is in line with the organization’s ethical culture of promoting the workers’ welfare. The Promotion of the workers’ welfare will enhance productivity, minimize the labor expenses ascribed to the exit of employees, and maintain a good public image. The organization also needs to gain support from the legislature and the governor on the importance of ethical behavior to a flourishing business. This meeting with the law-making authorities is essential for the out and out clarification of the rationale for the decision in order for the organization to limit the probability of negative consequences. The organization needs to let the state know that the success of the business is advantageous to the state in terms of additional revenue generation. An explanation to the state will also give the organization an even better reputation for risking its business for the welfare of its employees (Institute, 2010). This deci sion will portray the organization as one that has a commitment to bringing positive change in the culture of non-unionism. The state is likely to support the organization in the quest to maintain the state’s popularity as a caring authority for its citizen’s welfare.

Criminal Law Foundations Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law Foundations Evaluation - Essay Example The flipside of the above development is that criminal elements have taken advantage of the interactive nature of globalisation to perpetuate crime in the US. In the US, the September 11th Attacks serves as the epitome of the downsides of globalisation since the attacks were planned overseas by Al-Qaeda elements and executed by hijacking airplanes before crushing them against buildings. Terrorism becomes more complicated to the US criminal justice system, given that globalisation has helped make America more multicultural. For this cause, America harbours people with criminal intent and no patriotism to the country. Courtesy of the same globalisation, the US has had to contend with the smuggling of narcotics from Latin American countries such as Mexico and Columbia, into the American soil. Similarly, the financial implications of globalisation on the US criminal justice system is underscored by the fact that since globalisation has made terrorism a global problem and America's intere sts are spread both locally and globally, the US has had to increase and fine-tune the operations of its law enforcement agencies to incorporate US' international interests. It is against the same backdrop that the US also has made frantic efforts to spread its ideals on justice and the war on terror. The US has made several efforts to have different states the world over pass and domesticate the antiterrorism bill. Comparing And Contrasting International Criminal Justice Systems (Civil Law, Common law, and Islamic Law and Socialist Law traditions) According to Dammer and Albanese (2010), the difference between civil and common law is that the latter is based on case laws and customs, while civil law mainly depends on the principle of legality and Roman law. In the common law, the judge will have to use inductive reasoning about facts presented to him, while in civil law, the judge uses deductive reasoning. In common law, the court of law can fashion an equitable solution, as one th at is fair. In civil law, it is inappropriate for the court to contrive a remedy that is not prescribed in the code. Again, in common law, the judge and jury may preside over the case, as opposed to the civil law where as panel of judges, or just one judge may preside over the case. Islamic law on the other hand appreciates human action by dividing them into the permitted [halal] and the prohibited [haram]. These are also further subdivided into different degrees of good or evil, through the use of various descriptions such as forbidden, objectionable, neutral, recommended and/ or obligatory. The source of Shariah or Islamic Law is the Quran and Islamic tradition such as Hadith. The verdict arrived at are therefore a derivation of religious views in the Quran, the Hadith and interpretations of religious scholars. The verdicts that are issued under Islamic Law are harsh since offences committed are deemed to have been committed against God. Similarly, democratic principles and even g ender parity do not feature therein. Discussing the Impact That Cyber Crime and Technology Have Had On Worldwide Justice Systems It is a fact that cybercrime and technology have impacted judicial systems, worldwide. For

History of Discovery in Classical Genetics

History of Discovery in Classical Genetics This chapter chronicles the fascinating history of discovery in classical genetics, which is the study of how genetic traits are transmitted in organisms. Key Concepts covered: Mendels laws of heredity was rediscovered and gain wide acceptance in 1900. The chromosomal theory of heredity states that genes reside on chromosomes and that chromosomal dynamics underlie the patterns of Mendelian inheritance. A fundamental observation in classical genetics was the one gene makes one protein relationship. It is now known that the relationship between genes and proteins is much more complex. Genetic Science has to be reconciled to other fields of biology. The Rediscovery of Mendels Work (1900) Darwin knew his theory of evolution is not complete without a compatible theory of heredity. In 1868, he announced that he had found a solution to heredity, but had never published it. After his death, scientists were running through his works to find clues to the theory of heredity that had gone missing. Among them was a Dutch botanist called Hugo de Vries (1848-1935). To support his theory of pangenes, de Vries conducted a series of experiments with plant hybrids in the 1890s. Unaware of Mendels work, de Vries had independently discovered Mendels Laws of Heredity. He was about to publish his work when a friend sent him a copy of Mendels original paper. Later, de Vries claimed he had discovered the sames principles on his own before learned of Mendels experiments. But he gave Mendel credit in his paper which he published in 1900. Two other scientists also independently rediscovered Mendels work: Carl Correns (1864-1933) and Erich Tschermak von Seysenegg (1871-1962). Correns was a German raised in Switzerland, and a student of Karl von Nageli the professor who had discouraged Mendel. Tschermak was an Austrian whose grandfather had been one of Mendels teachers at the University of Vienna. Mendel received wide recognition in the scientific community after William Bateson (1861-1926), an English biologist, became a passionate advocate for the new science. While riding on a train to London, Bateson read de Vries paper with its reference to Mendel; he immediately realized the significance of Mendels work. In 1905, Bateson called the new science genetics. A few years later, Wilhelm Johannsen (1857-1927), a Danish botanist, used the word genes to refer to the units of heredity. Johannsen also invented the terms genotype and phenotype. Genotype is the totality of all the organisms genes. Phenotype is the organisms physical characteristics, which are products of both the underlying genes and the effects of the environment. Chromosomal Theory of Heredity and Gene Maps As Mendels ideas was gaining acceptance in the scientific world, cell biologists wanted to figure out the physical nature of genes. What are genes made of? In the 1890s, Theodor Boveri (1862-1915), a German embryologist, pursued the question in a series of experiments with sea urchins. The eggs of sea urchins are large, transparent, and easy to study under the microscope. Because both sperm and eggs carried genes, and sperm were little more than a nucleus with a tail attached, Boveri concluded that genes must reside in the threadlike filaments called chromosomes in the nucleus of cells. Boveris hypothesis was corroboated by the discovery of two other scientists Walter Sutton (1877-1916) and Nettie Stevens (1861-1912). Sutton, a graduate student at Columbia University in New York, discovered chromosomes when he studied the chromosomes of grasshoppers in 1902. Stevens, a former student of Boveri, discovered X and Y sex chromosomes in 1905, and proposed that all genes reside on chromosomes. The Birth of the Modern laboratory Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) was a professor of zoology at Columbia University in New York. He began breeding flies around 1905 and established the famous fly room in Columbia University. Between 1905 and 1925, the Fly Room at Columbia was the epicenter of genetics, a catalytic chamber for the new science. The Chromosomal Theory of Heredity Mendel showed that, in principle, genes were inherited independently. The color of a pea had no influence on whether it was wrinkled or round. But as Morgan experimented with increasing number of fly mutants, he discovered exceptions. In 1910, mating fly mutants with white eyes to ordinary red-eyed flies, Morgan found out surprisingly that all white-eyed descendants were male. The eye-color gene must be linked to the sex gene, he thought. In 1911, he confirmed his suspicion: the eye-color gene and the sex gene are linked because they lived on the same chromosome the X chromosome. After examining thousands upon thousands of flies, Morgan discovered an important modification to Mendels laws, now known as the chromosomal theory of heredity: Genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently, but genes on the same chromosome are usually inherited together. The emphasis is on usually. In rare cases, genes on the same chromosome were not inherited together. Morgan called this phenomenon crossing over; today known as recombination. Gene Maps Morgans study on crossing over resulted in a new discovery: Genes that were closer to each other on the chromosome would never be unlinked; Genes were more prone to unlink if they were farther apart on the chromosome; Genes that had no linkage must lived on separate chromosomes. In 1911, Alfred Sturtevant (1891-1970), a twenty-year-old student of Morgans lab, collected Morgans data on the linkage of fruit fly genes and took it home. In a single night, Sturtevant plotted the first map of genes in fruit flies by using the gene linkage to set up the relative positions of genes on chromosomes. The map showed the order of genes on the chromosome and their relative distances from one another. In that evening, Sturtevant had laid the groundwork for the future cloning of genes. He had also poured the foundation for the Human Genome Project. Mutation and Transformation For evolution to occur, an organism must be able to generate genetic variations. This section covers two kinds of genetic alterations at the cellular level mutation and transformation. Mutation Mutations are by definition alterations of the genetic material. Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA, which then may undergo error-prone repair. Mutation was first discovered by Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) in 1900, who had also independently rediscovered Mendels laws. At that time, scientists had to wait for mutations to happen in nature; they could not cause them. But that was change in 1926 when Hermann Muller (1890-1967), a former student of Thomas Morgan, discovered X-ray Mutagenesis. He discovered that radiation can greatly increase the frequency of mutation a discovery for which he received a Nobel Prize in 1946. Discovery of Transformation Principle (1928) Throughout the biological world, genes generally travel vertically ie, from parents to children, or from parent cells to daughter cells. Rarely, though, genetic materials can cross from one organism to another not between parent and child, but between two unrelated strangers. This horizontal exchange of genes is called transformation. Transformation was discovered by an English bacteriologist named Frederick Griffith (1879-1941). In 1928, Griffith performed a series of experiments using two live strains of pneumococcus bacteria: The rough coat strain was non-lethal, while the smooth coat strain was lethal. Griffith killed the lethal smooth coat strain by applying heat. He then inoculated the mice with a mixture of the dead bacteria and the live rough coat strain which was harmless. He expected the mice to live, but the mice died quickly. The experiment had proved that the genetic make-up of the non-lethal bacteria was altered by debris of the dead bacteria, causing the non-lethal bacteria to become lethal. Griffith autopsied the mice and found that the rough bacteria had changed: they had acquired the smooth coat the pathogenic-determining factor merely by contact with the debris from the dead bacteria. The harmless bacteria had somehow transformed into the lethal one. The One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis (1941) In the 1930s, scientists working in classical genetics were trying to figure out how genes affect the physical characteristics such as eye color in an organism. Two scientists, George Beadle (1903-89) and Edward Tatum (1909-75), had developed evidence that eye color, which is heritable, is affected by a series of genetically produced chemicals. But the complexity of flies makes it difficult to show a link between specific genes and their chemical products. In 1941, they turned to experiment on a bread mold. The fungus has a short life cycle with a simple chromosomal structure. In the experiment, Beadle and Tatum first irradiated numerous bread molds, producing molds with mutant genes. They then crossed these mutants with ordinary bread molds to create more mutants. Genetic crosses revealed that every mutant was defective in only one gene. For a bread mold to grow, all its metabolic functions have to be intact. If a mutation inactivates even one function, the mold could not grow. Beadle and Tatum used this technique to track the missing metabolic function in every mutant. They noted that every mutant was missing a single metabolic function, corresponding to the activity of a single protein enzyme. In other words, the mutation in one gene was associated with the missing of one enzyme. In this experiment, Beadle and Tatum had discovered the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis. The hypothesis saysÂÂ   one gene directly produces one enzyme, which consequently affects an individual step in a metabolic pathway. Reconciliation of genetics with Other Fields of Biology This chapter tries to reconcile the concepts in genetics to the various fields of biology. These reconciliations attempt to explain natures past, present and future through the lens of the gene. Evolution describes natures past. Variation describes its present. And embryogenesis attempts to capture the future. 1. Genes had to explain the phenomenon of variation The question is: How could discrete units of heredity explain that human heights, for instance, do not have six discrete sizes but seemingly 6 billion continuous variants? The answer was provided by an English mathematician Ronald Fisher (1890-1962) in his paper The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance, published in 1918. Fisher suggested that real-world traits such as height resulted from genes with multiple states, not a single gene with two states. Using mathematical modeling, he showed that one could generate nearly perfect continuity in phenotype on large populations. 2. Genes had to explain evolution The question is: What causes species to change? Answer: Mutation creates variations. A mutation is a change in the gene material. Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA. The changes in the gene created changes in forms that could be selected by natural forces. 3. Genes had to explain development The question is: How could individual units of instruction prescribe the code to create a mature organism out of an embryo? See section 3.5: From Genes to Genesis. 4. Reconciliation between Genotypes and Phenotypes We are all unique. Even monozygotic twins, who are genetically identical, always have variation in the way they look and act. The observable physical characteristics of an individual organism are determined by the genetic make-up, environmental influences, change, and other factors: Genotype + environment + triggers + chance = phenotype